Submission to Local Network

In their operations, businesses should enact and support the core values proposed by the UN Global Compact. In line with this, we are writing to propose the various strategies which firms should incorporate in their operation in relation to anticorruption and environmental responsibility. According to Global Compact, firms should comply with the Eighth Principle which stipulates that business organizations should implement various initiatives which are geared towards promoting environmental responsibility.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Submission to Local Network specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the Rio Declaration, businesses are charged with the responsibility of ensuring that their operations do not affect the environment in which they operate negatively. This arises from the fact that the legitimacy of a firms operation is dependent on its capacity to meet the society’s needs (The Global Compact 2008, 3). In our operation, Hewlett Packard has incorporated the concept of environmental responsibility within its product marketing. This has enabled the firm to comply with the Global Compact requirements. Therefore, we agree to this recommendation due to realization of the fact that environmental responsibility is a key element in the long-term survival of a business entity (Fernando 2009, 44). In addition to environmental responsibility, business enterprises should also ensure that there is a high degree of transparency in their operation (Mason 2005, 45). This is in line with Global Compact principle 10 which stipulates that the private sector has a significant role to play in ensuring that corruption is eliminated. Principle 10 stipulates that business enterprises should be concerned at ensuring that all forms of corruption such as extortion and bribery are eliminated. In order to ensure increased compliance to the above principles, we recommend the following based o n our experiences. Firms should undertake a comprehensive research in developing products In our operation, HP has had a significant impact on the environment via its products. The core objective is to improve the livelihood of its customers and the society in general. This is attained via integration of environmental consideration within the firm’s business strategy. The resultant effect is that the firm’s products are of high value. Member of the Local Network should incorporate the Design-for-Environment (DfE) strategy in their operation. This will ensure that all the environmental characteristics are optimized in the production process. For the DfE to be effective, firm’s management teams should ensure that there is a continuous evaluation of the programme to ensure compliance. Evaluation can be attained by formulating sustainability principles which should be evaluated against global standards.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Firms should formulate environmental responsibility targets and also integrate Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) tools. The EIA tools will ensure that decision makers put into consideration the resultant environmental impact in relation to a particular business project. According to the International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA), business enterprises should formulate approaches which are aimed at ensuring that a comprehensive impact assessment is attained (Petts1999, 23). This will benefit the society in that firms will be able to identify and assess the necessary changes which should be undertaken designing the product so as to reduce the product’s environmental impact. Considering the fact that environmental assessment is aimed at ensuring that the firm undertakes its corporate social responsibility effectively, business enterprises will be required to undertake considerable inves tment in understanding the needs of the society (Tolhurst, Pohl, Matten Visser 2008, 244). The society may be reluctant in giving their opinion regarding the operation of the firm. This means that the EIA tools may not be effective. Integrating a code of conduct with partners In our operation, Hewlett Packard works in collaboration with various stakeholders in an effort to attain its goals. One of the issues which the firm’s management team puts more emphasis on entails ensuring that integrity is not compromised in all its business dealings. This is achieved via incorporation of a code of conduct with its business partners. To eliminate the various forms of corruption such as bribery and exhortation, business enterprises should ensure that their business associates and other stakeholders such as suppliers adhere to business ethics (HP Ethics and Compliance Office 2006, 1). In addition, businesses should ensure that their counterparts are familiar with the various laws and co nsequences associated with the firm. This will mitigate chances of financial loss occurring due to involvement with corruption (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 1999, 29). To prevent any form of corruption, we require our business partners to formulate and implement effective controls. These are aimed at preventing and detecting various acts involving corruption. In line with this, we suggest that Local Network members should formulate and implement effective controls. Through implementation of these controls, both the business partners such as suppliers and customers will benefit. For example, the firms will be able to operate effectively and efficiently leading into increased customer satisfaction.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Submission to Local Network specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, there are challenges which the firms will face. One of these challenges relate with the fact that business partners will find it difficult complying with the laid down controls due to existence of legal and cultural differences (Vig Axelrod 1999, 35). The above points reflect some of the guidelines which members of Global Compact should integrate. Consideration of these issues will contribute towards increased compliance with the Global Compact requirements. We hope that this submission will be carefully considered and look forward to a draft paper that details the approach to be taken by the Local Network. Reference List Fernado, Andrian. 2009. Business ethics: an Indian perspective.Sydney: Pearson Education HP Ethics and Compliance Office. 2006. â€Å"HP partners code of conduct.† Houston: Hewlett Packard. Mason, Michael. 2005. The new accountability: environmental responsibility across  borders. New Jersey: Earthscan. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.1999. No longer business  as usual: fighting bribery and corruption. New York: OECD Publ ishing. Petts, Judith.1999. Handbook of environmental impact assessment: environmental  impact assessment in practice: impact and limitations. New York: Wiley Blackwell.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Global Compact. 2008. Corporate citizenship in the world economy. New York: United Nations Global Compact Office. Tolhurst, Nick, Pohl, Manfred, Matten, Dirk Visser, Wayne. 2008. The A to Z of  corporate social responsibility. Chicago: Wiley Publishers. Vig, Norman Axelrod, Regina. 1999. The global environment: institutions, law and  policy. New Jersey: Earthscan. This essay on Submission to Local Network was written and submitted by user Melany J. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Brain Cancer essays

Brain Cancer essays The body normally forms new cells only when they are needed to replace old or damaged ones. If something happens to disturb this controlled process, abnormal or excessive cells are produced. When this occurs a tumor is developed. This is known as cancer. When a tumor is developed on the brain, it is called a brain tumor or brain cancer. Brain tumors can be benign or malignant (benign being not cancerous and malignant being cancerous). Both types can be deadly when dealing with the brain. Benign brain tumors consist of very slow growing cells. They have distinct borders and rarely spread to other locations. When viewed under a microscope, the cells of a benign tumor have an almost normal appearance. Even though these tumors sound harmless they can be life-threatening when located in such a vital area. Since the skull is unable to expand when the tumor grows it puts pressure on the brain. This results in damaged brain tissues and if left untreated a person could die. A malignant tumor is a tumor that could potentially invade and destroy important tissues and cells. They can also spread to other parts of the body (metastasize). Brain tumors can initially start in the brain. They can also spread to other parts of the body from the brain but this rarely happens. Some tumors may be worse than others. Tumor staging is used to determine the extent of cancer. The stage indicates if the cancer has spread and how far. The stages are listed below: T = Primary tumor size/extent T0: Primary tumor not present T1, T2, T3, T4 The higher the number, the larger the size/extent of the tumor. N = Regional lymph node involvement N0: No lymph node involvement N1, N2, N3 The higher the number, the more lymph node involvement. M = Distant metastasis M0: no metastasis M1: Metastasis present The cause of brain cancer is unknown. It is likely they are caused by many factors. Some of these factors are genetic damage, inheritance, electromagnetic fie...

Linguistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Linguistics - Essay Example Basically, ads in the newspapers are very concise and very informative. It is very important to enable people to read information quickly and correctly. Very often in printed media a strategy of noun-phrases ‘squeezing’ is used, for example: Larger- than- life comedienne Joe Brand (Saks, 2010). This strategy kills two birds with one stone: we save words and we also appeal for the readers attention from the very beginning of our story. In the story from a newspaper, it is possible to see the exact structure. There are the following main elements of the article/story in the newspaper: abstract-setting-complicating action-resolution-coda. Abstract of the story combines the headline and the lead sentence. We provided a piece of text from the newspaper in the Appendix I and it is evident that in the first paragraph attention of readers is grasped for sure. The author introduces a special quote, which proves that his further claims underline the importance of the story. Then the author introduces a subhead, which organizes the story. It is also evident that the author prognosticates further development of events and confirms its reliability. This newspaper article presents the authors different claims as he changes directs speech and indirect speech. Moreover, he introduces another subheading in the middle of the article: "Frozen in Time" and in such a way he attracts attention of the readers and reminds them about din osaurs that are the basic objects of the article. Both, the ideas of detective stories and glimpses of paleontology are combined. With this citation: "You take all these bits of evidence and reconstruct the past" the author draws parallels between the science of paleontology and gives some hints on a detective story. Of course, when we talk about language of media the first thing, which comes to our minds, are original headlines. Very often puns or alliteration are used there as attractors

Call of Submissions for Coalition Government's Review of Essay

Call of Submissions for Coalition Government's Review of Counter-Terrorism & Security Powers in the UK - Essay Example Its main drawback being the restrictions of liberty it imposes on individuals. Some of its limitations are travel restrictions, curfews and restrictions on individuals someone can associate with. An alternative proposed to it is use of intelligence and captured evidence in easing prosecutions. The stop and search policy has faced pertinent objections concerning fundamental human rights particularly on profiling based on religion or race. The commission argues that the powers to stop and search should be founded on rational suspicion of an individual. It should only be arbitrarily employed in exceptional circumstances like addressing an immediate terrorist threat. Another key area raising concern is the length of period of detention before formal charges. The current extended pre-charge detention period contravenes human rights and British constitutional principles and history. Thus a review of the 28 days to 14 days pre-trial detention period is ideal (Equality and Human Rights Commi ssion, 2010). ... The use of community service providers in complex counter-terrorism operations, a Prevent strategy, has raised serious concerns. This is because intelligence gathering has been delegated to service providers like teachers. This is in inconsistent with their foremost professional duty and responsibilities. Prevent’s approach to countering terrorism is described as too broad and too narrow. By focusing on particular communities while ignoring threats of extremism not related to Islam, Prevent effectively fuels intolerance against the Muslim residents. Due to its sinister operational transparency, Prevent has lost the faith and confidence of local communities. The secrecy on intentions of its projects such as funding free IT facilities at a youth center targeting Muslims at a town, North of England has further exposed its unpopular strategy. Consequently, Prevent’s dependence on surveillance and intelligence collecting has made it infringe on peoples personal space creatin g fertile grounds for unequal treatment and human rights abuse (Liberty, 2010). With similar areas of submissions as Equality and Human Rights Commission, Amnesty Internationals select submissions included diplomatic assurances and national security deportations. The diplomatic assurances fronted by the UK government have been consistently challenged since it does not guarantee that an individual deported will not be ill-treated or tortured. International human rights laws forbid governments from deporting individuals likely to be subjected to such abuses. The negotiated bilateral diplomatic agreements entered with countries like Ethiopia, Lebanon and Libya have been observed as an attempt to elude

Ethical hacking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethical hacking - Essay Example One learner might make an impression on the other or port-filter the other understudy and both people might record the effects. The learners reacted with a lot of energy. After a week there were assorted types of strike from outside sources and the scholars started to archive these and to track down the sources. Significant devices here were tcpdump and tethereal for information catch. We needed each learner to get mindful of the powerlessness of the framework doled out to her/him, and this happened. One commonsense issue was teaching the scholars to give documentation in such a route, to the point that catch documentation gained was not excessively voluminous and troublesome to review. We were, then again, unable to actualize the sum of our objectives and set three characteristics aside for consequent emphasess of the course: (1) giving mysql and ACID to help people examine the information caught, (2) having Snort sent email cautions in regards to specific sorts of endeavors, and (3 ) firewall setup utilizing iptables. The accomplishment of this methodology urged us to take a gander at applying this engineering to the educating of machine systems (Infs6230). Here we embraced a methodology concentrating on subjects: convention stacks, exemplification of information units, and directing disclosure. We needed our people to have the capacity to distinguish and comprehend information units at each level. Critical apparatuses again here were tcpdump and tethereal for information catch. We picked a dynamic scope of directing revelation, starting with the arp reserve and portion steering table (netstat –rn), and continuing through static steering, and element directing (RIP and OSPF, each one recreated by the Quagga suite), to a Cisco 2610 switch. The last venture of embodiment and directing knowledge was building tunnels utilizing Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE). The construction modeling (please see Figure 3.1. - Xen

Behaviourist Learning Theory Directed Nursing Practice Nursing Essay

Behaviourist Learning Theory Directed Nursing Practice Nursing Essay According to professional standards of the College of Nursing of Ontario, the leadership expectation is not limited to nurses who are in formal leadership positions; all nurses, no matter of what kind the positions they are, have obligation to demonstrate leadership. Leadership requires knowledge to understand not only our own beliefs, values and behaviour affecting others, but also others beliefs, and values to build respect, trust, and integrity in a health care team. This course requires students choose a theoretical framework to guide developing a learning plan, and then applying the theory to a practice project for the purpose of expanding their perspective of nursing practice as an independent thinkers in the organizational or global level of hospital or community setting. My project report will review and analyze how behaviourist learning theory (BLT) directs my learning activities in clinical practice as an independent thinker to prepare myself in optimizing my future nursing practice. It includes two components: knowledge and application. The knowledge component will involve reviewing and comparing relevant content about the correlation between the generations of nursing workforce and choice of leadership style from five recent scholarly articles, identifying their strength and limitation, as well as guiding my nursing practice to achieve my learning goals. The application component includes how the acquired knowledge was utilized to guide my critical thinking process for figuring out the true reality of correlation in working setting between the generations of nursing workforce and choice of leadership style, as well as the challenges I have experienced. Knowledge Component BLT views learning as the product of the stimulant conditions and the response; its focus is mainly on what is directly observable. Behaviourist may closely observe responses and then manipulate the environment to triage more desired stimulus to bring the intended change (Bastable, 2008, p. 54). That is the inspiration I choose the stimulant conditions different choice of leadership style from different generation of nursing workforces in my questionnaire survey project, and the response my learning outcome from the project, as the core concept from BLT as literature research topic to acquire related knowledge and apply it to my project about the correlation between generational diversity and choice of leadership in my clinical placement setting. Literature Review / Five Relevant scholarly Articles In her article, Hahn (2009) clearly realized todays reality is that nursing workforce is made up of multigenerational staff. Nursing managers and their team members might hold different attitudes, beliefs, work ethics, and job expectations. The generation gap increases and creates more opportunities for misunderstanding and conflict. For both leaders and team members, the understanding generational differences would benefit in creating strength and opportunity or a source of stifling stress and conflict. How to deal with the challenge from the multigenerational diversity and develop a highly functioning and cohesive nursing team are current focuses for the nurse manager to be an effective leader. Although Hahn did not directly explain which leadership style would fit current workforce situation, the suggested strategies in her article for managers to effectively manage a multigenerational team indicate the transformational leadership to be the choice as an effective leader. Her argum ent was supported by previous researches done by Ulrich (2001), Zemke, Raines and Filipczak (2001). According to the research done by Cummings, MacGregor, Davey, Lee, Wong and Lo, et al (2010), some forms of leadership might be possible to lead to negative outcomes. They made their research from 10 electronic databases that include 53 published quantitative studies, then used content analysis to analyze these studies; 64 outcomes emerged from their analysis were classified into five categories: (1) work environment factors, (2) productivity and effectiveness, (3) staff relationships with work, (4) staff satisfaction with work, role and pay, and (5) staff health and wellbeing. Their research found the leadership styles that focused on people and relationships, such as transformational, resonant, supportive, and consideration, were reported in 24 studies, which were associated with higher nurse job satisfaction; whereas the leadership styles that focused on tasks, such as dissonant, instrumental and management by exception, were reported in 10 studies, which were associated with lowe r nurse job satisfaction. Therefore, they concluded that the leadership that focused on task completion alone is not sufficient to achieve optimum outcomes for the nursing workforce; transformational and relational leadership are needed to enhance nurse satisfaction, recruitment, retention, and healthy work environments, particularly in this current multigenerational workforce. Differently, Stanley (2008, 2010) argued that congruent leadership will be the one that can facilitate greater effectiveness when dealing with generational issues. Because this approach of leadership rests on the leaders values and beliefs that are demonstrated on leaders role modelling of their personal nursing / health care or organizational values; the actions of this leadership style are matched (or are congruent) with followers values and beliefs when dealing with multigenerational employees. Followers who have the same or similar values will support and follow these leaders because of their own values alignment. While realizing the difference of values and beliefs that are truly existed between the generational groups, Stanley emphasized that leaders core nursing / health care values are likely to offer significant common ground for this leadership approach to ensure it will be employed successfully. Kowalski, Bradley and Pappas research (2006) seems to be in a supportive posit ion to Stanleys argument. In her article, from the efficiency and positive outcome of management in a health care organization, Robbins and Davidhizar (2007) articulated there is a direct link between leadership style and staff retention, satisfaction and patient satisfaction. Currently, the changing faces in health care workforces pushes the management of nursing on the edge of the change in management strategy using effective and appropriate leadership to prompt greater success in gaining and maintaining staff satisfaction, staff retention, and then, in long run, improving patient satisfaction. Staff retention and satisfaction are the driving forces for achieving the patient satisfaction. Comparing with transactional leadership in leadership strategy, mission and vision, communication, relationship-building, they argued that transformational leadership is more effective in gaining and maintaining staff satisfaction, retention, and patient satisfaction in health care organizations. Poor leadership on a nursi ng unit leads to unhappy, unmotivated, and less dedicated staff. The underlying fundamental is that a transformational leader has the ability to effectively communicate the vision, mission, and empower nursing staff, which in turn build and promotes a healthy working environment for the entire team. Generally, Arsenault (2004) realized that todays workforce is more diverse than ever. There are many diverse issues. One of them is generational differences, which is created by a shared collective field of emotions, attitudes, preferences, and dispositions. Relatively, the differences in the unique attitudes, values, and beliefs of each generation determines how each generation views leadership, and ranks admired leadership characteristics, which correlates to their choice in leadership style and favourite leaders. He concluded that generational differences are a legitimate diversity issue that must be recognized and understood by organizations and needs to be addressed in developing current and future leaders. The leaders of organizations need to recognize and understand that a unique persona, which is developed from generational difference and already translated into a mind-set that demonstrated in different emotions, attitudes, beliefs, values, preferences, and embodied activitie s in working setting. Accordingly, this mind-set creates differences in leadership style how a person of a generation will lead or how they prefer to be led. In summary, five researches reached the common port, that is, the generational diversity is a current issue in workforce that organization and leaders must recognize and understand in designing effective and productive leadership strategy and style in creating a healthy working environment. However, for what is the correlation between generations and choice of leadership style, Stanley (2008, 2010)s articles reached his unique port; it argued the congruent leadership will be the one that can facilitate greater effectiveness when dealing with generational issues. The research done Cummings, MacGregor, Davey, Lee, Wong and Lo, et al (2010) clearly reached the conclusion that transformational and relational leadership styles will enhance nurse satisfaction, recruitment, retention, and healthy work environments in todays multigenerational workforce; because their research was based on extensive search of related database, so their conclusion derived from the evidence-based literature rev iew is highly credential and statistically significant. Also, Hahn (2009) and Robbins and Davidhizar (2007) generally articulated the nursing leaders should take transformational leadership as the core concept of their management, but their articles do not show strong evidence to support their argument. Arsenaults article emphasized the generational diversity of workforces and its impact on leadership, but he actually did not figure out which leadership could be the effective in current working environment. Summary of Behaviourist Learning Theory (BLT) According to Bastables book (2008, p.54-55), whether dealing with animals or people, BLT views the learning process as a relatively simple chain or cycle; the focus of BLT is mainly on the phenomenon that is directly observable stimulus conditions and the associations formed in the learning process; the learning process is understood as the product of the stimulus from the environment and the responses. In order to enhance the learning process leading to the desired result, behaviourists or learners can closely observe and manipulate the environment by utilizing operant conditioning techniques of positive or negative reinforcement (Skinner, 1974, 1989) to increase or decrease the stimulus, thus, to reinforce or decrease the responses to bring about the intended change. Plan of Implementation Based on my learning goal (see appendix A), I applied the acquired knowledge of BLT to my learning process through a survey project about the generational difference in the perceptive response in their admiring leadership style based on their different emotions, attitudes, beliefs, values, working ethics, preferences, and embodied activities in working setting. Each answer to the survey questionnaire is one of the stimuli for my learning process. What I learned form the project is the response of the learning process. I designed a survey questionnaire (see appendix B) about the correlation between generational difference and choice of leadership styles, randomly distributed to 55 staff in two medicine units of two hospitals, and 53 responses has been collected; the statistically valid representative sampling size is 96.36%. Statistical analysis on the response has been done (Table 1). Poster presentation (Appendix C) has been presented in my clinical placement unit for feedback. Application Component The Rationale of Choosing Behaviourist Learning Theory (BLT) BLT suggests the learning process is the product of the stimulus from the environment and the responses to the stimulus; it views the learning process as a reoccurring chain or cycle between stimulus and response through operant conditioning techniques of positively or negatively enhancing stimulus. Learning will occur while the stimulus is positively or negatively enhanced. Such a theoretic framework can be applied to health teaching process (Bastable, 2008, p. 54-60). The designation for students project from the course outline is about the learning from the project about a nursing issue in a global or organizational level of a hospital or community setting. Based on the acquired knowledge from BLT, my intention of my project design is to view the responses from the survey as stimulus for my learning about the choice on leadership style in a health care team staff would be either as a leader or a team member. Each response is one of the stimuli for my learning. More choice selecti vely occurred on one particular leadership style will become an enhanced stimulus for my learning that will give me the idea of which leadership is most admired in current health care team. In my future career, I would work as either a team member or a team leader; I have to prepare my self to be knowledgeable for these two roles. I am trying to apply BLT to my self teaching and self learning process. Actually, teaching and learning are the two phases of one process. Summary of the Process Involved in Applying BLT From the literature review, the generational difference in the perceptive response in their admiring leadership style based on their different emotions, attitudes, beliefs, values, working ethics, preferences, and embodied activities in working setting was found (Stanley, 2008, 2010; Arsenault, 2004; Weston, 2006; Kramer, 2010; Swearingen Liberman, 2004; Robbins and Davidhizar, 2007; Hahn, 2009; Cummings, MacGregor, Davey, Lee, Wong and Lo, et al, 2010). Based on this finding, my project designed a survey questionnaire to ask two questions: (1) what is your generation? (2) transactional or transformational leader: which one you would like to be or prefer? The answers to these two questions will give me two kinds of information: what is the content of current workforces and what kind of leadership style is admired more in the working setting. The answer for each respondent could be viewed as one of the stimuli for my response my learning result for my future choice of leadership in future career. 55 copies of questioner were randomly distributed to health care team of two medicine units of two hospitals, including nurses, social workers, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, manager, nursing educators, and unit supervisors / coordinators, clinical instructor, and nursing students. 53 copies of responses have been collected. Data has been coded and statistically analysed. The percentage of each generation in the health care teams, and the percentage of selecting transactional or transformational leader from each generation, and from the total sampling were calculated. The finding demonstrates the transformational leadership style is admired most in current working setting. This finding has been supported from the literature review of this report above. Discussion of how Gained Knowledge was Integrated into Learning Process The major components of stimulus and response of BLT were used in my learning process. Before my project survey, I had qualitative idea about the generational difference in beliefs, values, employment expectation, working ethics and orientation, but no quantitative idea about such difference, and no idea about how much their difference was in choosing working sett leadership style. Through the survey, I get the idea about how much each generation constitutes the content of health care workforce in these two units: Veterans are retired, Baby Boomers is 19%, Generation X is 53%, and Generation Y is 28%; the generation X and Y already constitutes 81% of the workforces. Among 10 answers from Baby Boomers, 2 answers chose transactional leader (20% of the generation), 8 answers chose transformational leader (80% of the generation); among 28 answers from Generation X, 4 answers chose transactional leader (14.3% of the generation), 24 answers chose transformational leader (85.7% of the gener ation); among 15 answers from Generation Y, 1 answer chose transactional leader (6.7% of the generation), 14 answers chose transformational leader (93.3% of the generation). Among the total samplings, 86.8% of answers chose transformational leader, only 13.2% of answer chose transactional leader. The finding also shows a trend of the major choices from each generation on the leadership style: from Baby Boomers to Generation Y, the percentage of the responses decreases in choosing transactional leader, and percentage increases in choosing transformational leader. It clearly demonstrates the significant difference between generations in admiring leadership style based on their different emotions, attitudes, beliefs, preferences, and embodied activities in working setting. The information analysed and concluded from the survey is the wanted stimulus for my learning it gives me the idea which leadership style could be effective and productive in a health care working environment. The m ultiple kinds of information obtained from the survey like the enhanced stimulus positively manipulated by behaviourist to strengthen my response in advocating transformational leadership as the style I will choose to be my favourite one in working environment. Challenge Encountered and Related Management Because my project about learning process involves the questioner survey, the challenge comes from the design and implementation of the survey process. The first challenge is the survey of this project is not a formal and academic survey. It is an anonymous mock survey. It does not involve in any interesting conflict and retain any private information about responders name, exact age, and gender, etc. Its purpose is limited to get the true information about the leadership style choice from different generation in the real working setting for my personal clinical learning process. So, it was not submitted to university ethics committee to seek pre-approval. The management strategy is anonymous survey and keeping the survey result within the learning process of this course. The second challenge is the design of the questioner survey. As a student project, there is no funding for rewarding the participants. Staff are busying with daily assignment and dont have spare time and compassion to answer too complicated questioner. The management strategy is to simplify the questionnaire design as much as possible, but it is still remained in detail enough to collect enough information to meet my learning goal. The third challenge is the limitation of sampling size. As a student project, it is impossible to have adequate time and financial resource to take survey in multiple units of multiple health care facilities. The management strategy is to utilize the chance of my working unit at another hospital and clinical placement unit at St. Michaels hospital to take my survey so that the sampling process will be more statistically valid and the finding will be more statistically representative from the limited sampling size. Outcome of the Project and Evaluation The outcome of the project is the finding of my survey truly demonstrates the generational difference in choosing leadership style in real working environment, which is supported from the literature review. The outcome of the project also reached my learning goal of this project: it uncovers the reality of generational difference in choosing leadership style and future trend in real working environment; and the finding is strong enough as enhanced stimulus to my response in my learning process based on BLT. Evaluation Criteria of Self-Evaluation of Learning Plan and Planning Change In my learning plan, the criterion of self-evaluation for knowledge component was set up as: able to select a specific theoretical model of leadership style based on current nursing environment. To better reflecting the learning experience from the project, I will modify it as: able to select related scholarly publication and a particular theoretical framework of leadership style based on current nursing working environment for literature review to acquire knowledge in guiding my learning process and practice project. For application component, the criterion of self-evaluation was set up as: able to develop questionnaires of assessing staff nurses values, beliefs and expectation on their choice of leadership style. To better reflecting the learning experience from the project, I will modify it as: (1) able to develop questionnaires of assessing staff nurses values, beliefs and expectation on their choice of leadership style; and (2) able to analyze the survey result and figure out the significant finding. Personal Growth and Development Before this clinical placement, I did have general idea about the generational difference in emotions, attitudes, beliefs, values, preferences, and embodied activities in working setting. However, I did not have clear idea about the generational difference in choosing leadership style in real working environment. Through applying BLT to assess staffs values, beliefs, expectation, attitude about the employment and work-life quality, and expectation of each generation on their choice of leadership style within the multiple generational cohorts, I found (1) current health care workforces is a three generation cohort, not a four generation cohort that was articulated in most of previous literatures, because Veteran generation is retired already; (2) from Baby Boomers to generation X and Y, the percentage of staff who choose transactional leadership style is linearly decreasing, the percentage of staff who choose transformational leadership style is linearly increasing; (3) presently, gen eration X is the majority in health care workforce, and generation Y is in the second place; in these two generations, the percentage of staff who chose transformational leadership style is 86% and 93%, which releases a clear information that transformational leadership style will work better for them. Totally, the outcome of the project tells me that in my future career, either as a team member or a team leader, transformational leadership was the style I should choose to work comparatively in a team or lead a team effectively. Conclusion According to the learning objective and teaching strategy of this course, a learning plan and practice project plan were developed based on the chosen theoretic framework. The project of survey was implemented in two medicine units of two hospitals. The survey result was statistically analysed and poster presentation was presented in the clinical placement unit. This report summarizes the acquired knowledge through the reviewing of five scholarly articles and the chosen theoretic framework, discussed the rationale on theoretic framework choosing, and the major concepts of BLT stimulus and response, which have been applied in my learning process. Also, the outcome of the project, experienced challenges, possible personal growth and development obtained from the project are discussed.

Prison Studies Considered Essay -- Essays Papers

Prison Studies Considered In "Prison Studies" Malcolm X briefly details how, during his incarceration, he embarked on a process of self-education that forever changed him and the course of his life. Malcolm writes of his determination to learn to read and write, born out of his envy and emulation of Bimbi, a fellow prisoner. His innate curiosity, sense of pride, and ambition to learn and be someone of substance motivated him to study relentlessly. As he learned more about the world he developed a great thirst for knowledge that left him with a lifelong desire that only his continued studies could satisfy. He believed that prison offered him the best possible situation in which to educate himself. This idea of Malcolm's, that prison was the best situation in which to educate himself bears some examination. He dismisses the idea of going to college as being inferior to the education he received in prison. He speculates that college is perhaps filled with too many distractions (both ideas are found in the last paragraph of his essay, 19). While Malcolm states his argument in a way that is simple, direct and compelling, it is not an argument that is appropriate for every potential student. One would do well to consider Malcolm X's particular circumstances and his intended audience. As far as his education in prison being superior to one he would receive in college, one should consider why he would think in this way. It is obvious that his education would have put him at about the junior high school level. For a man of his age and race and resources, at the time in which he lived, there were probably very few options available for remedial education. It is remarkable and admirable that Malcolm was invested with the intelligenc... ... distractions. There are, however, a number of disadvantages to prison studies beside the obvious threats to life and limb. The requirements of colleges are intended for a greater purpose than to extract the maximum amount of time and money from the hapless student. The requirements of higher education are intended to provide a wide-ranging and well-balanced view of the world and our place in it. A complete education is intended to provide us with the tools to understand and interpret what we study. A balanced education teaches us the hard-learned lessons of history, the logical methodology of mathematics and philosophy, the transcendent vision of the poet and the artists and the skeptical review of the scientist. While I have great respect, admiration and even affection for Malcolm X, I suspect that even this great man would have benefited from a formal education.

European External Action Service Introduction Essay

European External Action Service Introduction Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To strengthen the European Union, make it more efficiency, make its projects more interesting and give it more profile, there was the need for the establishment of External European Action Service (EEAS). According to treaty of Lisbon signed in 2007, the establishment of EEAS was to be carried out by high representative council after consulting European parliament. Following this, on 25th march 2010 high representatives council sent a proposal for the establishment of EEAS to European Parliament. With discussions, negotiations, and consideration of various concerns, EEAS was approved for established by European government on 8 July 2010. Functions of external European action service   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The main aim why the external European action service was made is to enhance European Union global functions. It was created to make broad functions of European Union more Efficient and that is the base which creates the functions of the external European service action. The external European action service performs presidency and diplomatic functions. In the precedential role, the body assists the President of the European Council to carry out his responsibilities on foreign issues. In its diplomatic service, external European action service supports High representative who is also the vice president of the European commission (Eeckhout, 94).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The external European action service is responsible of coordinating the ministries of development and defense. From a development perspective, the external European action service plays a role of shaping strategy and programming development collaboration all over the word. The body combines the technical experts of the European commissions and the council’s political weight in the process of enhancing European Union role all over the world. On the side of defense, the body works under the European Union where they provide military support all over the word in the peace keeping process under the European Union policy of common security and defense (Austermann 70).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   External European action service maintains a good neighborhood relation with other countries. Most of the countries who border the European Union in sides are undergoing a political change. Under the policy of neighborhood, the external European action service work hard to ensure a solid union with those countries in the process of easing political transitions in those countries. Challenges external European action service face   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Integration is the key challenge that the external European action service is facing today. The body was formed recently and is still struggling to integrate bodies of the European Union which they work hand in hand for global role achievement. For example the security and defense body has is decision making council, this council decisions contradicts the decisions of the external European action service and thus they fail to agree on any issue. The efforts of external European Union to integrate this bodies end up fruitless because of lack of teamwork between the organs of the European Union (waele et. al, 251).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The external European action service is facing another main challenge of competition between the institutions. During the formation of external action service, the main bodies that were involved were the council and member state. Their main aim was to make external operations of the European Union effective. Other institutional took it as a plan to bring inter-institution competition. This altitude makes it difficult for the External action to operate because other institution performs their duties with the aim of competition and thus they can not agree with the decisions of the external European action service (Blocksman and Steven 23). Recommendations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   More has to be done to increase authority and capacity of the external European action service in its operations. One, chairperson of the working groups of the external action should be permanently appointed other than the current system where the chair is rotational. The capacity of external European action service in handling major European Union policies should be increased. The policies that should be considered are; struggle against terrorism, energy security and environment among other policies (Boening et. al, 33).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The policy and planning capability of external European action service should be strengthened. This will enable the body to be more efficient on strategic issues and paper work planning. The external European action service should be provided with the necessary resources for it to function well this should be done after the staffing level review has been done. All this recommendations will ensure that the external European action service is efficient in its work. This will be an advantage to the European Union (Morgera 64). Relation to European Union Countries   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   External European action service ensures that there is strong cooperation between the European Union and European Union members on matters of foreign affairs and policy. This is done through the influence of the civil servants of both the European Union and European countries, where they establish a living link. External European action service has helped European Union to be stable on matters of foreign affairs and thus many countries have aspired to join the European Union. This has made the number of European Union members to rise where currently they are more than 28 (Brierly and Clapham 142). Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, we have discussed about the functions, challenges, recommendations and relation of external European action service in this easy and we have seen that this organization is one of the strongholds of the European Union. The global picture of the European Union is reflected by this body and since the formation of the European action service the performance of the European Union has improved. More research on how this organization can be entrusted with more power and ways to solve the institution competition should be done. This will enable it to be more efficient in its operations. References Austermann, Frauke. European Union Delegations in Eu Foreign Policy: A Diplomatic Service of Different Speeds. , 2014. Internet resource. Blockmans, Steven. Fit for Purpose?: The European External Action Service One Year on. Oxford: Oxfam GB, 2012. Print. Boening, Astrid, Jan-Frederik Kremer, and Aukje . Loon. Global Power Europe: Volume 1. Berlin: Springer, 2013. Internet resource. Brierly, J L, and Andrew Clapham. Brierly’s Law of Nations: An Introduction to the Role of International Law in International Relations. , 2012. Print. Eeckhout, Piet. Eu External Relations Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. Print. Morgera, Elisa. The External Environmental Policy of the European Union: Eu and International Law Perspectives. , 2012. Print. Waele, Henri C. F. J. A, and Jan-Jaap Kuipers. The European Union’s Emerging International Identity: Views from the Global Arena. , 2013. Print. Source document

Critical aspects of closing probate deals

Chapter 11Making the Offer. Once you have contacted the executor, you must hold an action program of what needs to be done and how. This is one of the critical facets of shutting probate trades. You have to do an offer that will give you a fine-looking return and ideally this must be the lowest possible offer. Some executors are unfastened to a low monetary value from the beginning. Some executors are unrealistic and tend to believe that the belongings is deserving much more than the FMV and when you encounter such a state of affairs, you need to make a just outlook puting with the householder. Give him grounds, show him the logic and explicate to him why his belongings value is lesser than what he expects.Stairss TO FOLLOW WHILE NEGOTIATINGHere are a few stairss that will assist you negociate a trade with the executor rapidly and swimmingly. As you would make for any meeting, you need to fix for your meeting with the executor excessively. Compile and reexamine your research and other notes. Carry these along for easy mention during your meeting with the executor. Ensure that you are cognizant of the FMV of the belongings you are traveling to negociate for. It besides helps to hold the comparables ready to hand merely in instance you need to demo it to the executor to warrant your monetary value. Have a pen and paper to take notes on your review of the belongings. Transport a torch which comes in ready to hand while inspecting topographic points where the sunshine does non make. Some probate houses might hold the electricity supply switched off. You should do a torch and a clean contract lasting fixtures within your auto. Bing prepared will give your run intoing a professional touch and the executor will recognize that you are here with a serious purpose of purchasing the belongings, non to blow his clip.STEP TWOOnce you are at the belongings, inform the executor that you would wish to transport out a thorough review of the belongings. Inquire with him if he would be interested in following you on the review circuit. It is a good thought to hold the executor by your side when you start with your review. About all executors are incognizant of the different fix occupations that will necessitate to be done. This is an advantage for you because as you progress with your review, you will be pulling his attending to the many fix occupations the house needs therefore take downing his outlooks with every defect you point out. Merely for mention, inquire the executor his estimation of the cost for acquiring these betterments done. Most executors are incognizant of the fix costs although they may hold limited cognition of woodworking and other minor hole up occupations. You ‘ll be cheerily surprised as many householders will state you an estimation that is higher than yours. If you are accosted with a belongings in hapless status and are unable to gauge the fix costs involved, you can ever mention it to a contractor or a place inspector before you purchase it. If the estimation provided by them is higher than yours, you have the option of endorsing out of the contract without any legal complications. I will discourse this in greater inside informations in the undermentioned chapter. Never forget, the executor wants to dispose this belongings at the earliest to cast a burden off his shoulder. He would be more than happy to offer you a stone underside monetary value if you point out that the house needs a batch of fixs. Refrain from throwing an offer at the executor boulder clay you have completed your Refrain from throwing an offer at the executor boulder clay you have completed your review. Most executors will non near this topic boulder clay you are prepared to inform them. If an executor tries to brawl an offer, inform him that before you extend an offer, you would necessitate to inspect the belongings to convey it to marketable status. It is a good thought to hold the executor by your side when you start with your review. Do n't trust on your memory. It is a good thought to observing things down on a piece of paper. Take plentifulness of cryptic notes. Make the semblance for the householder that a batch of things are non right by doing voluminous notes. In a probate belongings, since the householders have non maintained the belongings good, there will be enough of things you will happen when inspecting the belongings. You can take to do notes on the fix occupations needed in each room. Inspect the full house, and every clip you see an expensive occupation that needs to be done reference that tactfully to the executor. By making this, you are allowing the executor know that you will hold to pass a good sum of money in priming the house and this will accordingly take down the executors outlook of a high monetary value. Note down of import points of all such countries as you proceed with your review. Ninety per centum of probate houses need decorative and kitchen fixs. Normally I ever make it a point to state the executor that in add-on to all the fix occupations, at the really minimal, the kitchen and bathrooms will hold to remake, the house needs a pigment occupation and the rug has to be changed before the belongings can be listed for a sale. These things, although the executor thinks are really expensive, can be completed for a minor cost. After you ‘ve listed down and told the executor about the basic betterments that are needed, you will hold to gauge, a moderately high figure, of the cost for acquiring these occupations completed. It is a good thought to round off estimations to the highest five 1000 dollar grade. For illustration, if I estimate a belongings needs fix occupations deserving twelve thousand dollars, I will round it up to fifteen thousand dollars. Merely for mention, inquire the executor his estimation of the cost for acquiring these betterments done. You ‘ll be cheerily surprised as many executors will state you an estimation that is higher than yours. If this be the instance, you should instantly hold to the executors generous estimation. On the other manus, many executors will state you they have no thought and will bank on you to give them an estimation. Once you ‘ve told them your hyperbolic sum, they will hold however because your attack has portrayed you as an experient investor. With this done, you ‘ve got the executor into believing about all the betterments needed to acquire the belongings into premier status. All these old ages, he might non hold noticed these uneven terminals and now will be believing about the money needed to hold the fix work completed. This will automatically take down his outlooks of the value of the belongings and he would be willing to settle for your offer. You are now ready to near the following measure.STEP THREEMost executors I know do n't truly do a full graduated table effort in researching the just market value of the probate house. They might merely name the existent estate agent one time or mention to the revenue enhancement assessed value of the house. You ‘ll be surprised to observe how frequently you come across such state of affairss. This nevertheless, is a distinguishable advantage for you. Get an estimation of the just market value of the belongings from the executor. If the sum is lower than the just market value, accept it. On the other manus, if his estimation is higher than the just market value, you must put the right outlooks. Inform him that the belongings could hold been tantamount to its just market value were it in premier status. Show him the research you have carried out with your existent estate agent and the comparables that point to the fact that the just market value is so lower than what his estimation is. Be polite and at the same clip drive your point across. To turn out your point, you could demo him the comparables that were sold late. Showing comparables is frequently a trade determiner and most executors will accept your offer based on the comparables. Refrain from doing extra remarks on the value of the belongings unless the executor approaches the topic. Let him recognize that his belongings ‘s value is lower than his outlooks.STEP FOURNow is the clip to state the executor that you are an investor. As an investor, your purpose is to purchase the belongings, titivate it up and so sell it every bit rapidly as possible. As you have told him that you are an investor, the executor knows that you will be selling the belongings for a net income. By making this you are subtly inquiring him to see giving you a antic price reduction on the belongings. After this, you are ready to continue to the following measure.STEP FIVEEqually far as possible, chorus from doing the offer foremost unless perfectly necessary. If you can pull out an offer from the executor, it may good be possible that he will offer you a monetary value that is lower than yours. Inquire how much money he needs for the belongings. Never ask him what he wants – wants and demands are different. Keep back for his response. Till now, he knows that the just market value is much lesser than his estimation plus the fact that a just sum of fix work has to be done to acquire the belongings to marketable status. Above all this, he is besides cognizant that you need to do a net income from this trade. His reply might merely surprise you, and cheerily so! If the executor is unable to judge the just monetary value, this is the right clip to put your offer. Make non travel rapidly into doing an offer. Take your clip, contemplate the cost constituents we learnt in chapter 10, calculate the possible net income and so widen your offer. If you are unable to make that instantly, inform the executor that you will necessitate twenty four hours to reexamine your notes and the fix costs before you can do an offer. When you have arrived at a figure, give it directly to the executor. Inform him that after a thorough reappraisal of the Numberss, you will be paying ten dollars for the probate belongings. Once your offer is out, give the executor some clip to contemplate upon your offer. It is non unusual for several yearss to go through by before you receive a response from the executor. All you can make till the clip you hear from the executor is be patient and delay.WHAT IF THE EXECUTOR PROPOSES A COUNTER OfferMost of the times you will happen the executor has accepted your offer and is willing to subscribe a contract with you. In the following chapter I will learn you to outline existent estate contracts that safeguard your involvements. However, how do you undertake a state of affairs where an executor proposes a counter offer. It is non unusual for a counter offer to be proposed and you must be prepared for such an contingency. In this state of affairs, inquire from the executor as to what monetary value is he comfy with. If his demand seems sensible, you may wish to raise your offer incrementally. Remember ne'er to transcend 65 % of the just market value of the belongings. If the belongings requires major fixs in add-on to merely picture and rug, you should subtract these costs from the value arrived at by ciphering 65 % of the just market value pf the belongings.WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU ARE N'T ABLE TO NEGOTIATE A CHEAP PRICEIf you ‘ve reached this phase, there is a just opportunity that you will set down yourself a antic trade. For whatever grounds, the executor and you have non been able to hold upon the lowest reciprocally acceptable monetary value, thank the executor and travel on to the following moneymaking chance. Should this occur, inform him to reach you if he is non able to sell the belongings in the hereafter. This gives him an unfastened door for him to make you and it works as most executors tend to name back after they have thought about your offer. Many times you will come within striking distance of shuting a trade but when you ca n't look to acquire a low monetary value, be prepared to drop the trade. Never pay more than what a belongings is deserving. There are plentifulness of good trades to bag. Knowing when an how to walk off is a important portion of puting and this gives you the ability to cover from a place of strength. Acerate leaf to state, this should be done as smoothly and tactfully as possible. Remember, when you let travel of one trade, there is ever another great trade you can happen.

Research Paper Introduction about Smoking

Research Paper Introduction about Smoking Research Paper Introduction about Smoking Smoking tobacco has become a usual thing in our culture nowadays. A person with a cigarette is a usual thing: we can see them on the street, actors smoke in films, there are also book characters who smoke, we have relatives or friends who smoke. Starting as mainly as a part of a religious ritual a long time ago, it has become a routine thing for us. This research paper is aimed at answering the following questions: How has the practice of smoking changed throughout all its history? How smoking influences smokers health as well as passive smokers? Why do people smoke? Physiological and psychological perspectives. What are the ways of giving up smoking? Is it right to ban smoking? In what places should smoking be banned? First of all, we will look at the process of smoking tobacco from a historical perspective. It will be important to know how has the number of smokers changed throughout the centuries, and what historical processes affected it. On the other hand, we are also interested in geographical distribution of smokers and what factors all these numbers depend on. Special attention will be paid to Europe and the USA. The next issue we would like to dwell upon in the research paper is how smoking affects our health. This will be viewed from the perspective of a smoker, as well as from the perspective of passive smokers who are also influenced by smoking. It is important to find out what the most widespread diseases among smokers are and what the percentage of deaths from smoking is each year. This statistical data is important both for modern medicine to tackle those problems and for smokers themselves to be aware of what consequences smoking can lead to. It is important for us to find out the ways of helping people give up smoking. Having researched all the physical and mental factors of this addiction, it will be much easier to know how to deal with people who find it difficult to give up smoking. Another thing that is important to know to help people give up smoking is to find the right approach to them and to inform them about how their health will improve after they give up this habit. Another issue is smoking from the perspective of law. We have to analyze laws in various countries and see how smoking is banned in public places and whether people find such bans a positive action. On the other hand, it would be necessary also to consider further actions which have to be taken on smoking in public places and ways of tackling such a problem. We also have to include smokers point of view on this question in order to find a way out that would be acceptable for both sides. How to Write a Research Paper Introduction on a Social Problem: Writing a research paper introduction on such a topic you should approach the issue from a non-standard point of view, considering that social problems are discussed rather often. You can check out different forums and problem oriented websites to see what people have to say about it. That can help to develop a better thesis statement, since you may be able to view the issue from a different angle. Make sure that there are no specific requirements to writing an introduction made by your instructor. The introduction usually consists of two parts and before the thesis statement you should introduce the general topic. You should make sure it doesnt have to include anything else. At you can buy a research paper written from scratch by highly qualified academic writers. You will get a 100% original customized paper on Smoking topics.

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 8

Research Paper Example University of Minnesota where the family lived for two years and then moved to the University of Southern California where the father for his PH D in 1974. Finally, they decided to settle in Fair Oaks California that was also the birth place of Sparks (Maryles, p12). Sparks did very well at elementary schools and then appeared to be a brilliant student at the high school as well. He also got the scholarship to the University of Notre Dame but things abruptly changed for him when he was injured and went a little insane. He returned home after his freshman year and started spending his days wandering here and there. His mother however, paid attention towards him and insisted that he should focus upon some activities rather doing nothing. She turned his attention towards book writing and after eight weeks he came up with his first novel The Passing that was unfortunately never published. His live took a beautiful turn when he met the girl of his dreams and fall in love at first sight when he saw Cathy in Florida during the spring break. He got married with the girl in 1981 and they became the parents of two children Miles Andrew and Ryan Cody. However, his working career was progressing very slowly. He wrote the second novel The Royal Murder in 1989 but even that was rejected by the publishers and then he decided to leave the writing and concentrate on some other work. He got involved is different part time jobs of his interest like telemarketing and real estate etc. He then started his own business and then became a pharmaceutical representative (Ragen, p81). Sparks was transferred to North Caroline is 1993 where he decided to focus upon his writing career once again and finally wrote his first published novel The Notebook. He wrote this novel over the time period of six month i.e. from June 1994 to January 1995 and it was published in October, 1995 by Warner Books. In 2003 the sequel of The Notebook was published with the name â€Å"The Wedding†. In 2004 a film

Mergers and Acquisitions as a Strategic Mean of Creating Value and Essay

Mergers and Acquisitions as a Strategic Mean of Creating Value and Maximizing Shareholder Wealth - Essay Example An Overview of Mergers and Acquisitions DePamphilis (2008 pp-04-06) defined mergers and acquisitions as a part of corporate and management strategies dealing with the buying, selling and combining of different organsiations having similar business activities or activities that can support the present and future growth and development in a systematic manner. Over the years, the distinction between mergers and acquisitions has become quite blurred in respect to economic outcomes but continues to attract organisations (Cartwright, Schoenberg, (2006 pp. 11-14). Studies have shown that 50% of acquisitions have been unsuccessful considering the complex process and different dimensions associated with the actual outcomes (Straub, 2007). Lazonick, O'Sullivan, (2008 pp-24-27) stated that the rationale behind mergers and acquisitions is based on the thought that two companies together can be more valuable and robust compared to two different companies. Moreover, mergers and acquisitions help i n attaining cost efficiency by sharing operational and functional costs along with thriving to achieve greater market share and efficiency in a planned way (Harwood, 2006 pp- 24-35) Relevant Theories Mergers and acquisitions can be linked with various relevant theories. ... behave and operate in a manner that leads to the creation of an identity that helps in the growth and development (Postmes, Branscombe, 2010 pp- 11-23). Mergers and acquisitions help in creating new identity for smaller organisations while helping in revamping the identity of large organsiations (Akerlof, Kranton.2010 pp- 04-11) Role Conflict Theory is based on the perception that individuals and organsiations experience role conflict by finding themselves pulled in various directions as per the status held by them (Tang, Chang, 2010 pp-13-21). Hitt, et al, (2009 pp-12-23) stated that mergers and acquisitions help in creating synergies between organisations that in turn help in enhancing the worth and value of organsiations. However, Straub (2007 pp-03-11) stated that value creation and wealth maximisation is dependent on the nature and relationships of organsiations. It can be said that both views are directed towards a positive relationship creating synergy and wealth maximisation but dependent on internal and external factors. Value destroying theory states that mergers and acquisitions fail because firms fail to address informational constraints and focus too much on private utility function that affects the overall value creation process of organsiations (Malmendier, Tate, 2005 pp- 24-32). Straub (2007 pp -23-45) also agreed to this statement and stated that mergers and acquisitions require proper assessment of internal and external factors to create value in the business environment. All these theories can be associated with other relevant theories such as SWOT, PESTEL, and Game Theory. Armstrong (2006 pp-24-34) stated that SWOT analysis is based on analysing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of individuals and organsiations. Strengths and